Date

12-17-2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Arts in Human Services: Emphasis in Forensic Behavioral Health

Department

Human Services

First Advisor

Dr. Jerrod Brown

Abstract

Adults with autism spectrum disorder face significant challenges throughout the criminal justice system, from initial police contact through incarceration. This capstone examined how the core features of autism, literal language processing, difficulty reading social cues, sensory sensitivities, and executive function deficits, create vulnerabilities that legal professionals frequently misunderstand. The literature review revealed a consistent pattern: behaviors rooted in autism are routinely misinterpreted as signs of guilt, defiance, or lack of remorse. During interrogations, individuals with autism are highly susceptible to false confessions because they struggle with abstract legal language, tend to comply with authority figures, and cannot predict the consequences of their statements. In courtrooms, sensory overload and communication barriers prevent meaningful participation in their own defense. In jails and prisons, they face heightened risk of victimization and punishment for disability-related behaviors. The research also documented how these challenges are compounded for Black individuals with autism, who must navigate both disability misunderstanding and racial bias simultaneously. While promising interventions exist, including specialized law enforcement training, court accommodations, and diversion programs, access remains inconsistent across jurisdictions. The capstone concludes with recommendations for systemic reform, including mandatory autism screening at booking, comprehensive training for all criminal justice personnel, and standardized accommodation protocols.

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