Date
10-28-2026
Document Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Master of Arts in Human Services: Emphasis in Trauma, Resilience, & Self-Care Strategies
Department
Human Services
First Advisor
Jerrod Brown
Abstract
Family reunification involves more than returning a child to the care of their biological family; it requires the sustained promotion of child safety, stability, and family well-being. This literature review examined how trauma-informed and collaborative approaches support safe, stable, and lasting reunification within the child welfare system. The review explored adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and developmental, psychological, family, and socioeconomic risk factors associated with child welfare involvement and permanency outcomes, as well as protective factors such as supportive relationships, caregiver well-being, resilience, and access to services and resources. Analysis of the literature identified three interconnected principles essential to successful reunification: risk-informed assessment, collaborative care, and long-term permanency. The review also identified inconsistencies in child welfare terminology and highlighted gaps in the literature related to long-term reunification outcomes, stakeholder experiences, and the implementation and effectiveness of trauma-informed and collaborative practices across diverse child welfare contexts. Overall, the literature suggests that successful reunification is strengthened by addressing family risks, enhancing protective factors, and providing ongoing support beyond reunification. Furthermore, supportive relationships, coordinated service delivery, and trauma-informed interventions were found to promote resilience, enhance child well-being, and support positive and sustained reunification outcomes.